Bilincin Nitelikleri Üzerine Panpsişist Bir İnceleme
Öz/Abstract
“Bilinç nedir?” sorusu, insanlığın en kadim ve en zor problemlerinden biridir. Varoluşsal arayışın merkezinde yer alan bilinci anlama çabası, insanlık tarihi boyunca farklı düşünce akımlarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Panpsişizm, bu bağlamda, zihin felsefesi içindeki en köklü yaklaşımlardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bu yaklaşımın temel ilkesi, yalnızca insanın değil, canlı ve cansız tüm varlıkların en basit düzeyde bile olsa bir bilince sahip olduğudur. Panpsişizm, bu iddiası nedeniyle eleştirilerin odağı hâline gelse de geliştirdiği argümanlar ve teorik zemininin sağlamlığı sayesinde bilinci anlamak için başvurulabilecek temel kaynaklardan biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, panpsişist teori içinde geleceğin bilinç teorilerine yön verebilecek saklı bir unsur bulunup bulunmadığı araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada Gömülü Teori yöntemi kullanılarak panpsişizm üzerine düşünen isimlerin görüşleri incelenmiş, elde edilen veriler kavramsal ve kategorik kodlamalara tabi tutulmuş ve panpsişizmin açık, seçici ve teorik kodları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, nesnelere ve cansız varlıklara atfedilen panpsişist bilincin ne olduğunu incelemektir. Bu çerçevede araştırmanın, bilinçli yapay zekâ, nesnelerin interneti ve kuantum bilinç tartışmalarına teorik düzlemde katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
The question “What is consciousness?” is one of the oldest and most challenging problems in human thought. The attempt to understand consciousness, which stands at the center of humanity’s existential quest, has given rise to various intellectual traditions throughout history. In this context, panpsychism appears as one of the most deeply rooted approaches within the philosophy of mind. The fundamental principle of this approach is that not only human beings but all entities—whether living or non-living—possess consciousness, even at the most basic level. Although panpsychism has become the focus of criticism because of this claim, the arguments it develops and the strength of its theoretical foundations have led many scholars to regard it as one of the key frameworks for understanding consciousness. For this reason, the present study investigates whether there exists a latent element within panpsychist theory that could guide future theories of consciousness. In the research, the views of thinkers who have reflected on panpsychism were examined using the Grounded Theory method. The obtained data were subjected to conceptual and categorical coding, and efforts were made to identify the open, selective, and theoretical codes associated with panpsychism. The main objective
of the study is to examine the nature of the panpsychist consciousness attributed to objects
and inanimate entities. Within this framework, the research is expected to contribute, at a
theoretical level, to discussions concerning conscious artificial intelligence, the Internet of
Things, and quantum consciousness.
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