19. Yüzyılda Gelişen Matematiksel Mantık Alanına Bir Köken Yaklaşımı: Leibniz ve Evrensel Dil
Öz/Abstract
Matematiksel mantık alanında sıklıkla referans gösterilen Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’in mantık üzerine yaptığı çalışmalar, özellikle characteristica universalis (evrensel karakteristik) ve calculus ratiocinator, tarihsel bir görüşün ışığında, bu alanı nesillendirmek amacıyla öncül olarak alınmaktadır. Ancak Leibniz ve çalışmaları, matematiksel mantığı nesillendirmek için kullanılan nesilsiz birer öncül olmaktan ziyade hem matematiksel mantık hem de rasyonel evrensel dil bağlamında birer temeldir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, verili olguları yeni bir mercekten okuyarak George Boole ile değilse de Johann Heinrich Lambert, Cambridge Ağı ve Gottlob Frege - Ernst Schröder ekseninde yaşanan gelişmeler üzerinden Leibniz bağlamında matematiksel mantığın ve bir evrensel işaret (notasyon) dili kurulumunun düşünsel evrimini epistemolojik olarak serimlemektir.
In the field of mathematical logic, Leibniz’s contributions to logic—particularly characteristica universalis and calculus ratiocinator—are frequently cited as early precursors within a predominantly historical narrative intended to situate the discipline genealogically. Yet Leibniz and his works are not merely rootless antecedents mobilized to justify the lineage of modern logic; rather, they constitute foundational structures both for mathematical logic and for the broader project of a rational universal language. The aim of this study is to re-examine these established facts through a new interpretive lens and to trace, in an epistemological register, the conceptual evolution of mathematical logic and the construction of a universal notational language in the context of Leibniz. This is done not through the familiar trajectory centered on Boole, but by following the developments emerging through Lambert, the Cambridge Analytical Society and the Gottlob Frege - Schröder axis.
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