Yapay Zekânın Yükselişi: İnsan Öğrenmesi Makine Öğrenmesi Oyun Karşılaşmaları
Oğuzhan Güllü
*Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
oguzhangullu@gmail.com
Öz/Abstract
Günümüzün gelişen dijital dünyasında çoğumuz hayatımızı kolaylaştırmak için işlerimizi bilgisayarlara aktarıyoruz. Hayatın her alanında mekanik yardımcılarımız olarak kullandığımız bu yetenekli cihazlar, ticari olarak piyasaya sürülmelerinden bu yana dünyayı önemli ölçüde değiştirdi. Makinelerin gelişen yetenekleri doğrultusunda akıllı makineler, her hareketi, her satırı insanlardan daha iyi ve daha hızlı hesaplayarak uygulayabilirken; insanlar, zekâ ve yaşam deneyimlerine dayalı olarak görevleri yerine getirebilir, kararlar verebilir ve sorunları çözebilir. Yapay zekâ, makinelerin deneyimleyerek öğrenmesi, yeni girdilere uyum sağlaması ve insan benzeri görevleri gerçekleştirmesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Bilgisayarlar çok daha hızlı öğrenebilir ve karmaşık seçenekleri en uyguna indirgeyebilmektedir. İlk bilgisayarlar ile birlikte yapay zekânın insana veya bilgisayara karşı test edilmesi için insan gibi düşünerek oynayan ve öğrenen satranç programları üretilmeye başlamıştır. Satranç, tarih boyunca insan zekasını temsil eden bir oyun olarak görülmüştür. Bu makalenin yaklaşımını satranç oyunu temelinde insan bilgisayar mücadeleleri oluşturmaktadır. İnsan oyuncular, işlem yeteneği kısıtlı bilgisayarlar döneminde makinelere karşı üstünlük sağlarken; yapay zeka ve bilgisayar donanımı geliştikçe makineler insan oyunculara karşı üstün duruma gelmiştir. İnsan ve Makine öğrenmesi rekabetinin satranç oyunu ile başlayan serüveni ve yapay zekânın ortaya çıkış süreci ile gelişmeleri bu makalede literatür taraması ile derlenecektir.
In today’s evolving digital world, most of us are transferring our human work to computers to make our lives easier. These capable devices, which we use as our mechanical servants in every aspect of life, have dramatically changed the world since their commercial introduction. In line with the evolving capabilities of machines, smart machines can execute every move, every line by calculating better and faster than humans, on the other hand, Humans can perform tasks, make decisions and solve problems based on their intelligence and life experience. Artificial intelligence makes it possible for machines to learn by experience, adapt to new inputs, and perform human-like tasks. Computers can learn much faster and can optimize complex options. With the first computers, chess programs that play and learn by thinking like a human have begun to be produced in order to test artificial intelligence against humans or computers. While human players were superior to machines in the era of computers with limited processing capability; as artificial intelligence and computer hardware developed, machines became superior to human players. The adventure of human and machine learning competition that started with the game of chess and the emergence and the development of artificial intelligence will be compiled with a literature review in this article.
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